SHS, TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS, TRT, AVIAN PNEUMONIA

 

AETIOLOGY:

Avian Pneumovirus acts as a primary agent; after that, secondary microorganisms appear and the process may be worsened due to unfavorable environmental conditions. 

TRANSMISSION:

• Direct: by contact with respiratory secretions. 

CLINICAL SIGNS:

Respiratory signs such as nasal dripping, cough, sneezes, submandibular oedema (Swollen Head). Drop in egg production and changes in eggshell colour. Diagnosis by observing symptoms is only for orientational purposes and must be confirmed by other techniques. 

LESIONS: 

• Respiratory: rhinitis, tracheitis and serous or purulent sinusitis. Airsacculitis, pneumonia, perihepatitis and pericarditis produced by secondary microorganisms may appear. 

DIAGNOSIS:

• Causal agent identification: PCR, viral isolation. 
  
   
• Serological: ELISA, seroneutralisation, and Indirect Immunofluorescence. 

TREATMENT, PREVENTION AND CONTROL:

There is no effective treatment against the disease, although concomitant infections can be controlled. Environmental conditions should be controlled for the purpose of reducing the severity of clinical manifestations.

Live and inactivated vaccines are the best options for controlling the disease.